Welcome

Founded in 1995, the Colorado School Finance Project (CSFP) is a non-profit whose mission is to compile, collect, and distribute research-based, non-partisan information and data on topics related to school finance for state and local policymakers.

ESSER I and ESSER II information
Click here to see each district's information. For Communication Strategies, go here.
Updated ESSER I Key Takeaways Handout
March Forecast - March 16, 2023
•       Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Report
•	Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Presentation
•	Legislative Council Consumer Price Index Forecast
•	OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation
•	OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Report 
•	OSPB Colorado Outlook Supplemental Materials
CSFP March Advisory Meeting - March 10th, 2023
Recording here.
ESSER Mid-point Survey Presentation
*NEW* ESSER Mid-Point Survey Results Press Release
CSFP Presentation "School Finance in Times of Uncertainty" at CASE Winter Conference - Feb 22, 2023
SB23-136: Adjustments to School Funding Fiscal Year 2022-23
Fiscal Note
Department of Education - Figure Setting 22-23 - Feb 13, 2023
Department of Early Childhood - Figure Setting 23-24  - Feb 15, 2023
Department of Education (Programs other than School Finance and Categorical Programs) - Figure Setting 23-24 - Feb 23, 2023
CSFP February Advisory Meeting - February 10th, 2023
Recording here.
Governor's Office Presentation
State Demography Office Presentation and 5 to 18 Count by District
Mill Levy information & a look at K-12 Ed appropriation over time
•	Assessed Valuation by District
•	Assessed Valuation per Pupil
•	Total Program Mills
•	Voter Approved Mill Levy Override
•	Tax Effort and Fiscal Capacity FY 2022-23
•	Tax Effort Equity by District and Per Pupil
Provider Registration Open for Universal Preschool (UPK) Colorado
Per Pupil Spending by District 22-23
CSFP January Advisory Meeting - January 20th, 2023
Recording here.
CDLS Online Learning Presentation
Bell Policy Center on Property Tax Presentation
SMART Government Act Hearings Meeting - January 13, 2023
CDE SMART Act Slides
CDE SMART Act Supplemental Materials
CDE Performance Plan

CDEC SMART Act Slides
FY 22-23 CDEC Performance Plan
ECLC SMART Act Slides
CSFP Presentation to CU on School Finance - January 11, 2023
December 2022 Forecast - December 20, 2022
Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Report
Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Presentation
Consumer Price Index Forecast
OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation
OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Report
OSPB Colorado Outlook Supplemental Materials 
November 2022 District Election Information
Included are districts going for bond/BEST matching/MLO with their ballot language. 

2022 Election Report
November 2022 MLO Results Map
JBC Hearing for the Department of Education - December 9, 2022
JBC Staff Budget Briefing FY 2023-24 - Department of Early Childhood - December 8, 2022
Budget Brief
Budget Briefing Summary
CSFP Presentation at Aurora Public Schools - December 6, 2022
CSFP New Board Member Orientation Presentation at CASB - December 1-2, 2022
New Board Member Handbook
CSFP'S ANNUAL STATE PROFILE REPORT

We have compiled this information for 20 years now. The 2022 State Profile compares audited data noting changes between 2020-21 to the base year of 1992. Data is audited which lags behind the current year. It is important to know that this data reflects the first full pandemic year.
 
Three reports from the state profile data:
1.	2022 State Profile Overview (1-page overview)
2.     2022 State Profile Charts & Highlights (2 pages)
3.     The 2022 State Profile Report (7 pages) includes a historical look at:
          •  Enrollment in K-12: Enrollment, Special Education, Free & Reduced Lunch, Emergent Bilinguals (English Language Learners according to CDE), and gifted students
          •  Teachers: Number of teachers, teachers per 1,000 students, average salary (comparing CO and National)
          •  Per Student Current Spending and Revenue
          •  Relationship between state/local revenue for K-12 and personal income

At-Risk Working Group (HB22-1202) 
Website here
• At-Risk Workgroup Funding 101 - August 8, 2022
• Workgroup Meeting #1 - August 15, 2022
• Workgroup Meeting #2 & District Estimates - September 12, 2022
• Workgroup Meeting #3 - October 17, 2022
• Workgroup Meeting #4 - November 14, 2022
January/February What We're Reading
- "State enrollment data shows fewer students in Colorado schools" - Yesenia Robles, Chalkbeat, Jan 18, 2023
- CEA's 2023 Colorado State of Education Report - January 2023
- "Colorado politicians want more property tax relief as state forecasts 26.5% increase in assessed values" - Nick Coltrain, Greeley Tribune, Feb 6, 2023
- "Fears flare that Colorado free preschool could shortchange kids with learning delays"- Ann Schimke, Chalkbeat, Feb 6, 2023
- "A $60K Starting Salary for Teachers? Not a Single State Meets the Bar" - Libby Stanford,  Education Week, February 24, 2023 
- "Homeowners to face massive hikes
. Jump in home values during pandemic will result in bigger bills" - Aldo Svaldi, Denver Post, March 6, 2023

JANUARY 2023
DECEMBER 2022 
CSFP New Board Member Orientation Presentation at CASB - December 1-2, 2022
New Board Member Handbook
CSFP Presentation at Aurora Public Schools - December 6, 2022
JBC Staff Budget Briefing FY 2023-24 - Department of Early Childhood - December 8, 2022
Budget Brief
Budget Briefing Summary
JBC Hearing for the Department of Education - December 9, 2022


December 2022 Forecast - December 20, 2022
Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Report
Legislative Council Economic and Revenue Forecast Presentation
Consumer Price Index Forecast
OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation
OSPB Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Report
OSPB Colorado Outlook Supplemental Materials
NOVEMBER 2022 
November 2022 District Election Information
Included are districts going for bond/BEST matching/MLO with their ballot language. 
2022 Election Report
November 2022 MLO Results Map
CSFP to East Grand District 2 Presentation - November 1, 2022 Governor Polis's 23-24 Budget Request - November 1, 2022 Below are some highlights from the Governor’s press release pertaining to education and the rest of the state budget: 1. Funding will increase to $861 per pupil- assumes inflation at 8.3% 2. $35M buydown of the BS Factor to keep the BS Factor 3% of what is spent on K-12 Education 3. $325M in Prop EE invested in Universal Pre-K (this increases funding by $10M) 4. $6M to I-Matter program for student counseling 5. Increase funding of $29M to special education services 6. School safety investments of $8.4M 7. $1M Turnaround grants 8. $7M to CSI for Mill Levy Override Match Governor's Budget Proposal 2023-24 links • Budget Letter 23-24 • Budget Rollout Presentation 23-24 • Budget Navigator 23-24 • K12 Fact Sheet CSFP November Advisory Meeting - November 11, 2022 Recording here. School Finance Update presentation by Marc Carey and Craig Harper. JBC Staff Budget Briefing FY 2023-24 - Department of Education (Programs other than School Finance and Categoricals) - November 21, 2022 Budget Brief Budget Briefing Summary
OCTOBER 2022
October What We're Reading: "Election 2022: What to know on school districts’ bonds and mill levy overrides" - Anne Delaney, Greeley Tribune, Oct. 15, 2022 "What’s a bond measure? How do mill levy overrides work? We explain." - Yesenia Robles, Chalkbeat, Oct 29, 2022 CSFP "Overview of School Finance" Presentation for Clear Creek Accountability Committee - October 4, 2022 Western Slope Superintendent Conference/CSFP Advisory Meeting presentation - October 17, 2022 CSFP October Advisory Meeting - October 21, 2022 "Property Tax Reform Ideas for Colorado" Presentation from The Lincoln Institute "ESSER Update" Presentation  CSFP at CASB Fall Conference Presentation - October 21, 2022 CSFP at the Southern Superintendents Conference presentation - October 27, 2022
SEPTEMBER 2022
Colorado School Finance Project Conference:  Investment in Action - September 21, 2022 September Economic and Revenue Forecast - September 22, 2022 The Colorado Department of Early Childhood Public Rulemaking Hearing-  September 29, 2022  Materials here. September What We're Reading

"COVID relief money helps Colorado schools pay for math and reading curriculum" - Ann Schimke, Chalkbeat, Sept 21, 2022

AUGUST 2022

Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance - August 16, 2022 • Interim School Finance Presentation • Funding for District Cost of Living • Cost of Living State Comparison • 2021 Cost of Living Memo • SB22-202 Fiscal Note • HB22-1390 Year Comparison by District • Tennessee Investment in Student Achievement

Rural Schools Distributions per HB20‐1427 - August 22, 2022

CSFP Staffing Survey Results - August 23, 2022 The Colorado School Finance Project sent out a survey to school districts asking for more information on unfilled positions. We want to thank the districts who responded to the survey. This information is invaluable as there have been many stories in the media about teacher and staffing shortages across the nation and Colorado. These are the results from the survey showing that districts are struggling to hire staff for this school year. In these results, we have also included information from a recent study on national teacher wages.

CSFP School Finance Discussion with DBO - August 29, 2022

Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance - August 30, 2022

• ESSER COVID Recovery Funding for Education Update from CDE

• Preliminary List of State Grant Programs

• 2022-23 BEST Applications & Approved Projects

August What We're Reading: - "What it takes to put a measure on the ballot" - Max Lubbers, CPR —  August 5, 2022 - "A ‘National Teacher Shortage’? New Research Reveals Vastly Different Realities Between States & Regions" - Marianna McMurdock, The 74 — August 17, 2022 - "Colorado teachers earn 36% less than other college-educated workers, the worst gap in the country" - Erica Breunlin, Colorado Sun — August 22, 2022 (references This Report by Economic Policy Institute)
JULY 2022
CSFP at BOCES Conference - "Building Trust While Meeting ESSER Requirements – Help Is Here" Presentation - July 11, 2022 CASE Conference Presentations - July 2022 ESSER World Cafe: Time to Share and Learn with Other Districts - July 27, 2022 What Resources Are Available to Help With ESSER Requirements? - July 27, 2022 Technical Assistance on Explaining the Impact of Your ESSER Investments - July 27, 2022 The Whirlwind of School Finance - July 28, 2022
JUNE 2022
CSFP ESSER Grant Presentation at CEA Conference (lunch session) - June 7, 2022 CSFP ESSER Grant Presentation at CEA Conference (afternoon session) - June 7, 2022 CSFP to East Central BOCES: Learning and Transparency Technical Assistance Program Grant - June 1, 2022 June What We're Reading: - Colorado Public Education Opinion Survey Part 2 - June 8, 2022 - "The Interesting Effects 4-Day Weeks May Have on School Climate" - Sarah D. Sparks, Education Week  — June 30, 2022 June 2022 Economic Forecast CSFP School Funding Presentation - June 29, 2022
MAY 2022
Great Education Board and CSFP: Legislative Re-cap and impacts on: K-12 Funding - May 19, 2022 CASB and CSFP: Legislative Re-cap and impacts on: K-12 Funding - May 18, 2022 May Advisory Meeting (May 13, 2022) - Recording of the meeting Initiative 63 - fact sheet and slides Colorado Department of Labor and Employment - Ryan Gedney Fiscal Impact on potential ballot/legislative measures - Chris Stiffler, CFI Universal Pre-school - funding discussion CSFP Presentation to CASBO — May 5, 2022 May What We're Reading: “Everybody has a second job”: Low pay leaves rural Colorado teachers struggling. Colorado’s teacher salaries are among the lowest in the nation"- Daliah Singer, The Colorado Sun, May 19, 2022 Colorado Public Education Opinion Survey Part 1 - May 26, 2022
APRIL 2022
Snapshot of Impacts on School Finance 2022-23- April 6, 2022 CSFP Presentation to the Cotopaxi School Board — April 27, 2022 April Advisory Meeting (April 22, 2022) - Recording of the meeting Forecast Update- Kate Watkins and Marc Carey Universal Preschool Update Ballot Initiative update CSFP ESSER Grant Presentation FY 22-23 ESSA Preliminary Allocations CSFP Presentation at the Western Slope Advisory Meeting — April 21, 2022 ESSER Presentation at the Western Slope Advisory Meeting — April 21, 2022 ESSER Grant Presentation at the Northern Superintendents Meeting — April 21, 2022 ESSER Grant Presentation at the Southern Superintendents Conference — April 14, 2022 ESSER Grant Presentation at the Colorado BOCES Quarterly Meeting — April 11, 2022 ESSER Grant One-page flyer for School Districts and BOCES Colorado School Finance Project's Impacts on School Finance Bubble Graphic 2022-23- updated on April 14, 2022
MARCH 2022
School Finance memo from Joint Budget Committee Staff- Craig Harper, March 18, 2022 2021-22 Budget Stabilization Factor by School District March 2022 Forecast Legislative Council Staff Economic & Revenue Forecast Report Economic & Revenue Forecast Presentation Consumer Price Index Forecast Governor's Office of State Planning and Budgeting Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation to the Joint Budget Committee The Colorado Outlook: Supplemental Materials March Advisory Meeting - Recording of meeting - CSFP Transparency Grant slides - Early Childhood Education presentation - Bob Palaich, Augenblick, Palaich & Associates - PERA Update slides - Ron Baker, PERA of Colorado CASB Conversations Webinar- School Finance 101, Part 1 [Need to be CASB member to access] SOS School Finance 101 Presentations March 1-2, 2022: - Gunnison School District- school finance background- Tracie Rainey, CSFP - Take Action Slides- Lisa Weil and Cody Ostenson, Great Education Colorado and Great Schools Thriving Communities - 2022 School Funding Ballot Initiative Training information- Lisa Weil and Cody Ostenson, Great Education and Great Schools Thriving Communities March What We're Reading:
FEBRUARY 2022
Colorado Association of School Executives Winter Conference February 2022 - Tips on how to work with your school board- Tracie Rainey, CSFP and Glenn McClain, Platte Valley School District - What Now with School Finance? - Tracie Rainey, CSFP DRAFT 2022-23 Funding Workbook- Based on JBC Recommendations- Colorado Department of Education, February 2022 Presentation to Colorado BOCES Association Winter Quarterly Meeting- February 15, 2022 February CSFP Advisory Meeting - Recording of meeting - School Finance Project 2022- Office of the State Demographer's presentation - Issues in the Design of Early Childhood Systems: Informal Dialogue with CSFP- Bob Palaich - ADA Conversation Starters - How are states funding school districts in the wake of changing enrollments caused by COVID-19? (blog post) - How states count students to determine funding: A call for change (blog post) - Not Making the Grade - Issue Paper: Using Average Daily Attendance as a Basis for Distributing State School Revenue Tax Effort and Fiscal Capacity 2021-22 including an overall summary and detail by school district Tax Effort and Fiscal Capacity 2021-22 Summary Tax Effort and Fiscal Capacity 2021-22 by Assessed Value and type of Mill – includes pie chart and detail by school district Total Assessed Value 2021-22 Assessed Value per Pupil 2021-22 Total Program Mills 2021-22 (mills each district levies as part of the school finance act) Mill Levy Overrides 2021-22 (voter-approved) Percent of Colorado's General Fund Appropriation Allocated to Education 2006 to 2002 chart
JANUARY 2022
Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance January 27, 2022 - At-risk Bill Draft Fiscal Note - Special Education Bill Draft Fiscal Note - MLO State Match Bill Draft Fiscal Note - DID NOT VOTE ON and WILL NOT BE MOVING FORWARD - State Land Trust Bill Draft Fiscal Note January 14, 2022 CSFP Advisory Meeting - Recording of Meeting - CSFP Interim Committee and Legislative Update - Universal Preschool Recommendations Final Report CSFP Presentation to Alamosa School District- January 13, 2022 Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance- January 10, 2022 meeting - Colorado At-Risk Study Final Report Presentation- Urban Institute - Bill Drafts: Special Education bill & State Match for Mill Levy Override - School Finance Simulation Tool- Anna Gerstle, Legislative Council Staff - School Finance Update- Craig Harper, JBC Staff

January/December What We're Reading:

- Colorado's 2022 legislative session began Wednesday. Here's your guide to get involved.- Sandra Fish, The Colorado Sun, January 12, 2022 - Funding, school ratings, workforce: Education issues we're watching in 2022- Jason Gonzales and Erica Meltzer, Chalkbeat, January 7, 2022
DECEMBER 2021
December 2021 Forecast Legislative Council staff Economic & Revenue Forecast Presentation to the Joint Budget Committee - K-12 Enrollment Forecast (slides 34-39) - Assessed Valuation Forecast (slides 40-45) - School Finance Outlook (slides 46-50) Consumer Price Index Forecast Governor's Office of State Planning and Budgeting (OSPB) Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation to the Joint Budget Committee The Colorado Outlook: Supplemental Materials CSFP State Profile Report- 2021 (2019-20 audited data) 2021 State Profile Overview (1-page overview) 2021 State Profile Charts & Highlights (2 pages) 2021 State Profile Report (7 pages) includes a historical look at: - Enrollment in K-12: Enrollment, Special Education, Free & Reduced Lunch, Emergent Bilinguals (English Language Learners according to CDE), and gifted students - Teachers: Number of teachers, teachers per 1,000 students, average salary (comparing CO and National) - Per Student Current Spending and Revenue - Relationship between state/local revenue for K-12 and personal income Colorado Department of Education presentation to the Joint Budget Committee Questions, Comments, and Slides CASB Annual Convention- December 2-4, 2021 - Colorado K-12 Funding, School Finance- New Board Member Training booklet - Colorado K-12 Funding: New Board Member Orientation presentation - Mill Levy Correction presentation - Tracie Rainey and Glenn Gustafson
NOVEMBER 2021
2021 Certified Election Results- as of 11.29.21 Most Recent Voter Approved Mill Levy Override (MLO) Results- November 2021 November CSFP Advisory Meeting - Video recording of meeting - Nutrition Services presentation- Jessica Gould, Littleton Public Schools - Education Funding sheet with Governor's proposed budget changes ADDITIONAL RESOURCES : - Mill Levy Correction information from CDE CASB Conversations Webinar: What You Need to Know About the Mill Levy Correction August 23, 2021- Tracie Rainey (CSFP), Kate Bartlett (CDE), and Susan Meek (CASB) - Recording - PowerPoint Slides MILL LEVY CORRECTION INFORMATION- Tax Credits and "De-brucing" or "De-TABORing" PEBC Catalyst Presentation- November 12, 2021 Governor's Budget Proposal 2022-23 - FY2022-23 Budget K-12 one-pager - Full proposal - Shortened proposal with attachments - FY2022-23 budget rollout presentations Money Matters: Tell Your Story ESSER funding documents November What We're Reading: - Large 27J district bond passes amid mixed success of school tax measures- Ann Schimke and Melanie Asmar, Chalkbeat, November 3, 2021
OCTOBER 2021
CSFP Western Slope Advisory Meeting Presentation- October 21, 2021 Budget Stabilization chart 2017 to Present for all School Districts Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance October 19, 2021 - Special Education: Funding Overview- Legislative Council Staff - Overview of Possible Special Education Funding Scenarios- Consortium of Directors of Special Education - 2019-20 Annual Report by the Special Education Fiscal Advisory Committee - Special Education Fiscal Advisory Committee (SEFAC) - CDE Early Childhood Update - Mile High Early Learning: Montessori Inspired- Pamela Harris - Early Milestones Colorado: Ideal Learning in Colorado- Katie Nicolau - Colorado's Missing Year: Assessing Colorado's K-12 Performance in the Wake of COVID- Keystone Policy Center - Wildflower Schools- Rachel Kelley-Cohn October CSFP Advisory Meeting - Video recording of meeting - 10 Key Takeaways from CSFP's Inaugural Conference - Economic & Revenue Forecast Presentation - Kate Watkins, Legislative Council Staff - School Finance Update Presentation- Marc Carey, Legislative Council Staff - Interim Committee Discussions and Mill Levy Correction Presentation- Tracie Rainey, CSFP and Justin Silverstein, APA Consulting Money Matters: Tell Your Story ESSER funding documents Adams 12 Five Star Leadership Academy presentation - October 8, 2021 Thirteen Years of the Budget Stabilization Factor-2009 to 2022 (data for every school district) October What We're Reading:

– How Staff Shortages Are Crushing Schools– Mark Lieberman, Education Week [will need to sign-in for access]

- The latest Nobel Prize winner: Researcher who helped show money matters for schools- Matt Barnum, Chalkbeat, October 13, 2021
SEPTEMBER 2021
ELECTIONS PAGE 2021DRAFT of 2021 School District Elections- Elections: Bond, BEST, Mill Levy Override (MLO), Operational MLO, and Transportation MLO.  Information posted as of 9/29/2021. 2021 State Ballot Information Booklet (the Blue Book)- Legislative Council of the Colorado General Assembly The factors in the Colorado School finance formula: - Dollars available for Colorado school finance formula factors BEFORE and AFTER the Budget Stabilization Factor - A Look at Factor Funding and the Budget Stabilization Factor - School Districts Ranked by Pre-BS Factor Cost of Living as a % of Total Factor Funding September Forecast Legislative Council Staff Economic & Revenue Forecast Economic & Revenue Forecast Presentation Consumer Price Index Forecast Governor's Office of State Planning and Budgeting Colorado Economic and Fiscal Outlook Presentation to the Joint Budget Committee The Colorado Outlook: Supplemental Materials Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance September 17, 2021 - State Land Board funding for K-12 Education- Colorado State Land Board - A National Perspective on Property Tax & School Finance: How Colorado Compares- Lincoln Institute of Land Policy - Mill Levy Overrides 101- Legislative Staff - Property Tax Levy Overrides in Other States- Andrew Reschovsky, University of Wisconsin-Madison- School District Overrides- Daniel Thatcher, NCSL and Michael Griffith, LPI CSFP Inaugural Conference Beaver Run Resort, Breckenridge, Colorado September 15, 2021 - "How Money Matters: Creating, Adequate, Equitable and Sustainable School Funding"- presentation by Danielle Farrie, Education Law Center - "What the NFL taught me about Leadership & Teamwork"- presentation by Reggie Rivers, former Denver Broncos player (PowerPoint presentation download with videos) - Boulder Valley School District ESSER story video- Rob Anderson - East Grand School DIstrict ESSER story video- Frank Reeves - Greeley Evans ESSER story video- Dierdre Pilch - Gunnison Watershed School District story video- Tia Mills - Littleton School District ESSER story video- Jonathan Levesque - Northeast BOCES ESSER story video- Tamara Durbin A Look at Mills in Colorado: - Local Mill Effort by Assessed Valuation Per Pupil UPDATED - Total Mills (including bonds) for all school districts
AUGUST 2021
Sheridan School Board Presentation August 24, 2021 CASB Conversations Webinar: What You Need to Know About the Mill Levy Correction August 23, 2021- Tracie Rainey (CSFP), Kate Bartlett (CDE), and Susan Meek (CASB) - Recording - PowerPoint Slides Additional Resources: - Financing Public Schools FY 2021-22 (LCS) - School Finance Booklet (LCS) - CDE Mill Levy Correction website - CSFP Mill Levy and Tax Credits for Colorado districts - CSFP Tax Effort and Fiscal Capacity – 2020-21 Legislative Interim Committee on School Finance 2021 - August 24th Agenda - School Finance 101 presentation- Legislative Council staff and Office of Legislative Legal Services - Federal COVID Recovery Funding for Education Update- Colorado Department of Education - Measuring Student Poverty in Colorado's School Finance System- Colorado Children's Campaign CSFP Staffing Survey Results, August 2021 Financing of Public Schools 2021-22- Legislative Council Staff, August 11, 2021 Timeline of Colorado's School Finance & Education Reform 2020-21 thru 1982 Education Week Quality Counts Per Pupil Spending Charts FY18 Trends in Per Pupil Spending Chart- Data from NCES, US Census Bureau, and Education Week Budget Stabilization 2009-to present chart
JULY 2021
JOIN US- Colorado School Finance Project's Inaugural School Finance Conference, September 15, 2021 at Beaver Run Resort in Breckenridge, CO -REGISTER NOW Timeline of Colorado's School Finance & Education Reform 2020-21 thru 1982 Education Week Quality Counts Per Pupil Spending Charts FY18 Trends in Per Pupil Spending Chart- Data from NCES, US Census Bureau, and Education Week Budget Stabilization 2009-to present chart July What We’re Reading: – 4-day school weeks: Education innovation or detriment? Evidence suggests instructional time makes the difference- Brookings Institute, July 12, 2021